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glossary (J&B - Jun)

J & B (Justerini & Brooks)
In 1749, the Italian Giacomo Justerini came from Bologna to London to work there as a wine trader. He had an English partner in his business: George Johnson. The two wine importers became successful soon, already in 1760, King George III honoured the business by giving the first of, until today, eight royal documents. In 1779, Johnson and Justerini also sold whisky. In summer of the same year, they put commercials in the newspaper "Morning Post" for their fine wines and spirituous liquors, like 'Ulisge Beatha', a Scottish whisky. In 1831, the company was sold to Alfred Brooks; and the name of the company was changed to Justerini & Brooks, short J & B. While the next hundred years, the main activity of the company was the wine trading, which is still done in the traditional company in St. James Street No 61 today. Main customers of Justerini & Brooks were noble clubs of the British capital, which were delivered with a self-composed exclusive whisky product of the House, the J & B, of course. Nevertheless the whisky took a very small part of the whole business in the first half of the century. After the Prohibition in the US ended in 1933, Justerini & Brooks tried to win the big market for their products. In 1936, they asked Paddington - Corporation to sell their products in the US. Actually they hoped to sell as mans different products of wines and spirituous liquors as possible, but Paddington realised, experienced in the business, that there was a greater chance to sell the whisky product of the House Justerini & Brooks. In a very short time J & B conquered New York. The start of World War II stopped the development, which started again at the beginning of the 50's: in 1952, the first 10,000 whisky boxes went over the Atlantic Ocean. In 1962, 12 million bottles went over and in 1968, 24 million bottles. The J & B thirst of the Americans seems to be never ending. J & B delivered already 36 million bottles to the US in 1980. Therefore J & B is the most sold Scottish whisky, but also a product of the best and most sold spirituous liquors in America. After the great success in America Justerini & Brooks started to set up agencies in other countries in the 60's. Now the light Scotch with the two characteristic letters on the bottle is available in nearly all countries in the world. Many years ago managers of Justerini & Brooks decided that the whisky-product of the House should be light in it's style and colour. It was a very good decision, because they already assumed at that time the today's favourization of most whisky-consumers. J & B Rare Scotch Whisky has an alcohol content of 43 %. Since the change of the centuries Justerini & Brooks distils the 'Knockando Pure Single Malt Whisky' in Cmoc-an-Dhu (Gaelic word for 'small black hill').

Jack Daniel's
Jack Daniel's Old No 7 Blend Tennessee Whiskey Sour Mash (45 %) is produced in the oldest distillery in the US, which was registered in 1866 and is situated in Lynchburg/ Tennessee, about 100 kilometres south-east from Nashville. The distillery was built on a place that is a bit of a distance away from town, the buildings are organised around a spring, which delivers one of the main elements of the Jack Daniel's Whiskey: the water, which is free of iron. 2,000 litres per minute run out of the chalk-stone-cave. Another very important ingredient is the maple wood. At the charcoal-Mellowing-procedure (which means: to mild the coal) the whiskey is filtrated above maple wood before it is stored in oak barrels for at least five years. Jack Daniel, whose parents came from Scotland, was born in 1846 in a place close to Lynchburg, being the tenth and last child of the Daniel- Family. Already in his childhood he worked on the farm belonging to his uncle. Two years later he went to the House of Dan Call to work in the small whiskey distillery of Dan Call, which was situated on a creek near the Cumberland Mountains. Jack Daniel learned very quickly how to produce whiskey and when Dan Call decided to retire from his work, he handed the distillery over to Jack. But the young Jack was not liable yet to sign the contract, and his uncle had to sign and buy it for him. A bit later Dan Call totally retired and Jack, at the age of 16, had his own distillery. One year after the end of the civil war, the government put a payable tax fee on the production of schnapps. Jack was the first, who came out of the registration office, being the first registered distiller in the US. In 1895, Jack started bottling his whiskey on an advise of his nephew Lem Motlow. Motlow advised him to bottle in round shaped bottles but Jack decided to take the old fashioned corner bottles. These bottles were different from all other products of the producers, therefore it became the mark-emblem of Jack Daniel's. In 1906, Jack reduced his work in the company leaving the management in the hands of Lem Motlow. In 1916, the state of Tennessee declared the 'Prohibition'. Motlow went to St. Louis in Missouri. But in 1922, alcohol was prohibited everywhere in the US. The Daniel's Distillery was closed, too. In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt became president. His first action being president was the abolishment of the Federal Law of Alcohol Prohibition. But it took another six years until the first fires were set underneath the distillation boilers in Tennessee. The permission to distil whiskey was given to Lem Motlow in 1938 only for one reason, he had to agree not to sell any whiskey in and around Lynchburg. Until these days, this par of Tennessee is still a "dry" suburb, where no Jack Daniel's whiskey is available. Lem Motlow died in 1947. His son went on running the business. In 1956, they sold the distillery in Lynchburg to a spirituous liquors group under the condition, that the decisions concerning the company will still be made by the Motlow-Family. Today the Jack Daniel's Distillery bottles about 12 million bottles per year.

Japanese Medlar
This is a big, like a pear shaped, fruit, its pulp tastes sweet-sour and it might have its origin in China, where it came from to Europe in the 18th century. Today it is mainly growing in the Mediterranean countries, California, Florida and South America, and is used for decoration and fruit syrups. Other word for it is: Wool-Medlar.

Japanese Orange
Is another word for Cumquat.

Jenever
Jenever, also Genever, comes from Latin Juniperus, as well as from the French word Geniévre (juniper). Jenever has been distilled since the 15th century. It was produced in the Hollandish place Schiedam near Rotterdam for the first time, from where until today the best products come from. The Hollandish company Erven Lucas Bols says to have been the first company to produce jenever. The place Schiedam is, until today, main place of the jenever production, because the so-called Moutwijn, the basic substance for all jenever products of the country, is produced here. Schiedam also caused the name of jenever, Schiedamer, which became a synonynous for jenever, today. Jenever is produced in many countries today. It has a minimum alcohol content of 38 to 43 Vol.- %. The best quality still comes from Holland, because only there the use of Moutwijn is prescribed.
Regulations by law:
In Austria
Spirit according to a special or traditioinal procedure with a minimum alcohol content of 35 Vol.- %.
In Germany
Drink-Spirit with a minimum alcohol content of 38 Vol.- %. It is distilled from a mash of grain and a lot of kiln-dried malt, whereby the additon of juniper-berry has to happen at the last distillation-process the latest or it might be produced from using a lot of jenever-distillates and sprit or grain-sprit. The addition of ethereal oils is a kiln-adulteration.
In Switzerland
Drink-spirit with a minimum alcohol content of 40 Vol.- %. Jenever is produced through distillation of grain-spirit and additon of juniper-berries and other phytogenic aroma-substances.
Production
Base for the production of jenever in Holland is one third of barley, one third of rye and one third of corn.
Mashing
A mash is made from all the ingredients and by adding kiln-dried malt. The mash is fermented step by step.
Distillation
The fermented mash is distilled in three distillation processes following each other, whereby flavour-substances, like juniper-berries, anise, caraway, coriander and other have to be added at least in the last distillation process. The so-called Moutwijn develops, which is also known as 'Landelt' on the market. Mainly Moutwijn is used to produce Oude (old) and Jounge (young) jenever.
Storage and Bottling
Types
Oude Jenever and Jonge Jenever are differed. These descriptions do not depend on the storage time. Oude means 'according to tha traditional way'. All Hollandish production-companies produce both kinds.
Oude Jenever: its main ingredient is Moutwijn, which has to be at least 5 % of the whole product. Neutral Sprit is added, which is mainly produced from molasses. Furthermore unfermented juniper-berries, anise, caraway and coriander are added. All is distilled again. Oude Jenever has a strong malt-taste.
Jounge Jenever: it is a simple, clear grain-spirit, produced with less or no Moutwijn at all. It has a slightly juniper-aroma.
Citron Jenever: it is a semi sweet jenever with a strong citrus-taste. It is only produced in Holland and contains 38 Vol.- % of alcohol.
Bessen Jenever: it is a mixture from jenever and fruit juice, mostly currant juice. It is only produced in Holland and contains 38 Vol.- % of alcohol.
Dessen Jenever: it is a light sweet Jenever, which is also only produced in Holland and contains 38 and 43 Vol.- % of alcohol.

Jeroboam
This is a description of a bottle four times the size of a normal one, a double magnum, containing an amount of 3 litre.

Johnnie Walker
Johnnie Walker Scotch dates back to 1820, when John Walker, a young man from Ayrshire bought a grocery shop in King Street in Scottish Kilmarnock. It was common in the shops, that the owners sold the bought whisky under their own names. The town Kilmarnock grew and became a centre of textiles, wool and carpets. John Walker's business grew, as well; especially the sale of his Kilmarnock whisky. John Walker's son Alexander entered the business of his father after finishing an apprenticeship in Glasgow, in the middle of the 19th century. After the death of his father (in 1880), Alexander opened an office in London. When his two sons joined the business in 1886, the company was changed into a Private Limited Company. Already in 1890, an office was opened in Sydney. Three years later, while the demand of Walker's whisky rose, they bought the Cardow-Distillery in the Speyside region. This is still an important part of the company today. In 1897, agents were sent to South Africa and another subsidiary company was opened in Birmingham. More agencies followed in 1907 in Manchester, in France, Egypt, Burma and China. Already in 1889, when Alexander Walker died, the company started to become known internationally. Alexander Walker's third son Alexander (Alec), who joined the company in 1888, finally brought the great success, he produced the famous Johnnie Walker. In 1908, he employed the known artist Tom Browne to create a poster with the picture of the founder of the company, his grand father John Walker. Tom Browne painted a funny person with a top hat, tailcoat, a monocle and walking stick, walking in a way of having a great aim. The biggest part of the Johnnie Walker Commercial developed out of this little painting, other artists took the style and developed it further. A big oil paint of the small painting can be seen in the entrance hall of the House of St. James Street No 63 in London. The original painting is a valuable possession of the company. Lord Stevenson, a friend of Alec and member of the company, said, seeing the painting: "Johnnie Walker, born 1820 ... still going strong". Until today this is the slogan of the commercials of the company. The name 'Walker's Kilmarnock Whisky' was changed to 'Johnnie Walker'. The red and black labels were replaced by the picture of the founder of the company painted by Tom Browne. The company expanded. Today more than three million bottles are sent to 170 countries weekly. Johnnie Walker is the most sold Scotch Whisky in the world. In 1923, the company John Walker & Sons became a Public Company and merged with Distillers Co. Ltd. two years later. The origin Johnnie Walker was mainly produced from malt whiskies of the lower lands. The today's product is a Blend of 40 different whiskies, where the finesse of the Highland Malts dominates. Available products by Johnnie Walker in Germany are: the Standard Quality Red Label (40 %); 12 Years Old Black Label (40 %); Premium Scotch Swing, filled in a carafe (40 %; in other countries also known as 'Celebrity') and 12 Year Old Highland Malt Cardhu (40 %); Cardhu comes from the malt distillery in Cardow in the Speyside region, which has belonged to Walker since 1893.

Jonon
This is a spice water with synthetic violet aroma, often used instead of the natural ethereal violet oil to mix drinks.

Juice
English for German Saft.

Juniper
Juniper-spirits are produced from alcohol grain spirit distillates or grain spirit distillate by adding juniper-distillate, having an minimum alcohol content of 32 %. Juniper-spirit is a pure juniper distillate mixed with water, which contains at least 38 % of alcohol. Products similar to juniper are: Gin (England, USA, Netherlands, Germany), Steinhaeger (Germany), Jenever (Netherlands), Kranawitter (Tyrol) and Borovicka (Karpaten/ Slowakei).